Extending Application and Activity

This article describes how to create custom android.app.Application and androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity implementations in a NativeScript application.

Note: Demo code below is taken from the Android Extend demos for plain JavaScript, TypeScript or Angular applications.

Philosophy

Because NativeScript is a JavaScript-to-Native framework, our main goal is to make as much as possible from the underlying native platforms easy to implement in JavaScript. Initially we discussed the option where developers would write Java code to achieve some more special cases like custom androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity implementations but then we agreed that we should explore a JavaScript approach first and only if it is not possible to fallback to native code. It turned to be pretty easy, especially with the Static Binding Generator (SBG) tool.

Overview

The SBG analyzes JavaScript files and generates the corresponding Java files (or what we call bindings). Prior to the 2.1 release, the core modules provided custom Activity and Application implementations but these were tightly coupled with the other logic within the modules, making custom implementations close to impossible to achieve. For 2.1 we made some refactoring, with the solely purpose to shape the modules more as a library rather than a framework. In other words - to decouple the Activity implementation from the frame.android.ts file and to completely remove the need for a custom Application class. With these changes, the modules can now work with custom Activity implementations.

The modules will still need to get notified for some Activity events in order to work properly. These events are described in the AndroidActivityCallbacks interface.

Extending Application

The following steps are needed to create custom native android.app.Application object and use it, instead of the default com.tns.NativeScriptApplication one, provided in the empty project template of the Android Runtime.

Create a new JavaScript file in your app folder - name it application.android.js

Note the *.android suffix - we want this file packaged for Android only.

Declare the extend:

const superProto = android.app.Application.prototype;

// the first parameter of the `extend` call defines the package and the name for the native *.JAVA file generated.
android.app.Application.extend("org.myApp.Application", {
    onCreate: function() {
        superProto.onCreate.call(this);

        // At this point modules have already been initialized

        // Enter custom initialization code here
    },
    attachBaseContext: function(base) {
        superProto.attachBaseContext.call(this, base);
        // This code enables MultiDex support for the application (if needed compile androidx.multidex:multidex)
        // androidx.multidex.MultiDex.install(this);
    }
});

// the `JavaProxy` decorator specifies the package and the name for the native *.JAVA file generated.
@JavaProxy("org.myApp.Application")
class Application extends android.app.Application {
    public onCreate(): void {
        super.onCreate();

        // At this point modules have already been initialized

        // Enter custom initialization code here
    }

    public attachBaseContext(baseContext: android.content.Context) {
        super.attachBaseContext(baseContext);

        // This code enables MultiDex support for the application (if needed)
        // androidx.multidex.MultiDex.install(this);
    }
}

Modify the application entry within the AndroidManifest.xml file found in the <application-name>app/App_Resources/Android/ folder:
```
    <application
        android:name="org.myApp.Application"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/icon"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
```
This modification is required by the native platform; it basically tells Android that your custom Application class will be used as the main entry point of the application.
In order to build the app with webpack, the extended Android application should be added as an entry to the webpack.config.js file.
```
    entry: {
        bundle: entryPath,
        application: "./application.android",
    },
```
In this way, the source code of application.android.ts is bundled separately as application.js file which is loaded from the native Application.java class on launch.

The bundle.js and vendor.js files are not loaded early enough in the application launch. That's why the logic in application.android.ts is needed to be bundled separately in order to be loaded as early as needed in the application lifecycle.

Note: This approach won't work if aplication.android.ts requires external modules.

Extending Activity

The core modules ship with a default androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity implementation, which ensures they alone are sufficient to bootstrap an empty NativeScript application, without forcing users to declare their custom Activity in every project. When needed, however, users may still specify custom Activity implementation and use it to bootstrap the application. The following code demonstrates how this can be done:

Create a new JavaScript file in your app folder - name it activity.android.js

Note the *.android suffix - we want this file packaged for Android only.

Declare the extend:

import { Frame, Application, setActivityCallbacks } from "@nativescript/core";

const superProto = androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.prototype;
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity.extend("org.myApp.MainActivity", {
      onCreate: function(savedInstanceState) {
          // Used to make sure the App is inited in case onCreate is called before the rest of the framework
          Application.android.init(this.getApplication());

         // Set the isNativeScriptActivity in onCreate (as done in the original NativeScript activity code)
         // The JS constructor might not be called because the activity is created from Android.
         this.isNativeScriptActivity = true;
         if(!this._callbacks) {
             setActivityCallbacks(this);
         }
         // Modules will take care of calling super.onCreate, do not call it here
         this._callbacks.onCreate(this, savedInstanceState, this.getIntent(), superProto.onCreate);

         // Add custom initialization logic here
     },
     onNewIntent: function (intent) {
         this._callbacks.onNewIntent(this, intent, superProto.setIntent, superProto.onNewIntent);
     },
     onSaveInstanceState: function(outState) {
         this._callbacks.onSaveInstanceState(this, outState, superProto.onSaveInstanceState);
     },
     onStart: function() {
         this._callbacks.onStart(this, superProto.onStart);
     },
     onStop: function() {
         this._callbacks.onStop(this, superProto.onStop);
     },
     onDestroy: function() {
         this._callbacks.onDestroy(this, superProto.onDestroy);
     },
     onPostResume: function () {
         this._callbacks.onPostResume(this, superProto.onPostResume);
     },
     onBackPressed: function() {
         this._callbacks.onBackPressed(this, superProto.onBackPressed);
     },
     onRequestPermissionsResult: function (requestCode, permissions, grantResults) {
         this._callbacks.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, undefined);
     },
     onActivityResult: function (requestCode, resultCode, data) {
         this._callbacks.onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data, superProto.onActivityResult);
     }
     /* Add any other events you need to capture */
});

import { Frame, Application, setActivityCallbacks, AndroidActivityCallbacks } from "@nativescript/core";

@JavaProxy("org.myApp.MainActivity")
class Activity extends androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity {
    public isNativeScriptActivity;

    private _callbacks: AndroidActivityCallbacks;

    public onCreate(savedInstanceState: android.os.Bundle): void {
        // Set the isNativeScriptActivity in onCreate (as done in the original NativeScript activity code)
        // The JS constructor might not be called because the activity is created from Android.
        this.isNativeScriptActivity = true;
        if (!this._callbacks) {
            setActivityCallbacks(this);
        }

        this._callbacks.onCreate(this, savedInstanceState, this.getIntent(), super.onCreate);
    }

    public onSaveInstanceState(outState: android.os.Bundle): void {
        this._callbacks.onSaveInstanceState(this, outState, super.onSaveInstanceState);
    }

    public onStart(): void {
        this._callbacks.onStart(this, super.onStart);
    }

    public onStop(): void {
        this._callbacks.onStop(this, super.onStop);
    }

    public onDestroy(): void {
        this._callbacks.onDestroy(this, super.onDestroy);
    }

    public onBackPressed(): void {
        this._callbacks.onBackPressed(this, super.onBackPressed);
    }

    public onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: number, permissions: Array<string>, grantResults: Array<number>): void {
        this._callbacks.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, undefined /*TODO: Enable if needed*/);
    }

    public onActivityResult(requestCode: number, resultCode: number, data: android.content.Intent): void {
        this._callbacks.onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data, super.onActivityResult);
    }
}

Note the this._callbacks property. It is automatically assigned to your extended class by the frame.setActivityCallbacks method. It implements the AndroidActivityCallbacks interface and allows the core modules to get notified for important Activity events. It is mandatory to call back to the modules through this interface, to ensure their proper initialization.

Modify the activity entry within the AndroidManifest.xml file found in the <application-name>app/App_Resources/Android/ folder:

    <activity
        android:name="org.myApp.MainActivity"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_kimera"
        android:configChanges="keyboardHidden|orientation|screenSize">

In order to build the app with webpack, the absolute path to the file where the Android activity is extended should be added to the appComponents array.
```
    const appComponents = [
        "@nativescript/core/ui/frame",
        "@nativescript/core/ui/frame/activity",
        resolve(__dirname, "app/activity.android.ts"),
    ];
```
In this way and with the default config, these components get in the common vendor.js chunk and are required by the android-app-components-loader.

NativeScript Core

Extending Application and Activity

Philosophy

Overview

Extending Application

Extending Activity

See Also